The larynx anatomy is graphically presented in figure 1.1 . The vocal cords in the
center of the larynx are muscular bands covered by thin mucosa layers. Together,
the right and left vocal cords have a V-shape, when viewed from cranial. The vocal
cords play key roles in the control of the airflow during breathing, the protection
of airway, and in the production of sound for speech.
Cancer of the larynx is one of the most common cancers in Europe, with
about 52,000 new cases annually, 90% occurring in men. 95% of all cancers of the
larynx are squamous cell carcinomas [65]. Cancer of the larynx is mainly caused
by consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Nevertheless, tobacco dominates the risk
for cancer of the vocal cords. Over 90% of the present incidences of laryngeal
cancers could be prevented by avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption. The
most common symptoms observed in early glottic cancers are; the presence of
hoarseness, sore throat, shortness of breath, and the feeling of a lump in the
throat. Hoarseness, which is a an early symptom for glottic lesions, is the main
symptom which causes patients to seek medical consultation [65].
A complete ear, nose, and throat check (with mirrors and laryngscopes) and
histology examination are common steps in the examination of suspected laryngeal
cancer patients. Vocal cord mobility and exact tumor extension are carefully
assessed to aid specifying the exact stage (TNM staging) of the tumor [65]. The
stage of the tumor is important for establishing the treatment policy.
This thesis discusses treatment of early stage glottic cancers (Carcinoma in
situ (Tis), and tumors limited to one vocal cord (T1a), with no regional/distant
lymph node metastasis (N0M0)).
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