Hepatitis B infection has a complex natural history and causes a wide spectrum of
disease. Although effective vaccines are available, universal vaccination has yet not
been reached. Currently, an estimated 350 million people are chronically infected, and
0.5-1.2 million subjects die every year due to long-term sequalae of hepatitis B related
chronic liver disease, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma Despite
evidence-based treatment guidelines areas of disagreement on the management of
chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection still exist.
With the currently approved treatment options the ultimate goal is to prevent the
development of long-term sequelae of chronic liver disease. Current treatment strategies
consist of either therapies with fi nite duration that aims to achieve sustained
off-treatment remission (interferon-based therapy), or long-term therapy that aims to
maintain on-treatment response (nucleos(t)ide analogues).
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