Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive spontaneously within one year, is a common
medical problem. Traditionally, fertility investigations initially focus on the evaluation
of ovulation and tubal patency in females, and on assessment of sperm quantity
and quality in males. In about one third of couples with infertility abnormalities in classic
semen parameters are found, like sperm concentration, motility and morphology. In another
one third of patients a combination of infertility-related female and male factors
are seen (WHO 1999). Although sperm quality parameters derived from classic semen
analysis are frequently used to categorise male infertile patients, the prognostic and
diagnostic information they provide is limited with a predictive power that is highest at
the lower ranges of the spectrum (Barratt et al. 2010).
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