Although in the last decades advances in fetal and neonatal medicine
have reduced mortality in neonatal intensive care units in the Western
world, the morbidity due to brain injury remains high. Patterns of neonatal
brain injury can be roughly divided in (1) term and (2) preterm patterns.
Table 1 shows the number of infants admitted to the NICU in the
Sophia Children’’s Hospital between March 2008 and March 2010 with a
typical ‘‘neurological’’ diagnosis. The table highlights differences in diagnoses
between preterm and term infants in relation to gender. In preterm
infants the most common diagnoses are: persistent flaring (hypersignal
intensity seen in periventricluar white matter using cranial ultrasound),
intraventricular haemorrhage and venous infarction. In term infants perinatal
asphyxia and perinatal stroke are most often reported.
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