The structure of DNA and subsequently the integrity of the genetic code are constantly
threatened by numerous endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. Restoration of
proper DNA structure occurs through distinct and overlapping DNA damage repair
pathways, depending on the specific lesion. Here, we review the classical DNA repair
pathways as they were established from genetic and biochemical experiments. DNA repair
pathways are often pictured to act in a precise machine-like manner. We discuss an
alternative view that envisions DNA repair to arise from more unstable stochastic
interactions between proteins and DNA substrates. Paradoxically, this more messy process
makes DNA repair more robust and simultaneously provides the flexibility for quality
control and pathway cross talk. Finally, we discuss how basic mechanistic insight in DNA
repair mechanisms is currently being translated into anti-cancer therapies. We conclude
with the scope of this thesis.
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